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A modular inverse of an integer b (modulo m) is the integer b^(-1) such that bb^(-1)=1 (mod m). A modular inverse can be computed in the Wolfram Language using PowerMod[b, ...

Consider the number of sequences that can be formed from permutations of a set of elements such that each partial sum is nonnegative. The number of sequences with nonnegative ...

The pathwidth of a graph G, also called the interval thickness, vertex separation number, and node searching number, is one less than the size of the largest set in a path ...

A polyform of 30-60-90 triangles. The name was coined by Ed Pegg, Jr. because of the 30-60-90 triangle's use in mechanical drawing and drafting. The Eternity puzzle is based ...

The sawtooth wave, called the "castle rim function" by Trott (2004, p. 228), is the periodic function given by S(x)=Afrac(x/T+phi), (1) where frac(x) is the fractional part ...

Given a triangle with angles (pi/p, pi/q, pi/r), the resulting symmetry group is called a (p,q,r) triangle group (also known as a spherical tessellation). In three ...

Any nonzero rational number x can be represented by x=(p^ar)/s, (1) where p is a prime number, r and s are integers not divisible by p, and a is a unique integer. The p-adic ...

A (general, asymmetric) lens is a lamina formed by the intersection of two offset disks of unequal radii such that the intersection is not empty, one disk does not completely ...

A perfect cuboid is a cuboid having integer side lengths, integer face diagonals d_(ab) = sqrt(a^2+b^2) (1) d_(ac) = sqrt(a^2+c^2) (2) d_(bc) = sqrt(b^2+c^2), (3) and an ...

A generalization of Poncelet's continuity principle made by H. Schubert in 1874-1879. The conservation of number principle asserts that the number of solutions of any ...