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In most modern literature, a Boolean model is a probabilistic model of continuum percolation theory characterized by the existence of a stationary point process X and a ...

A branch cut is a curve (with ends possibly open, closed, or half-open) in the complex plane across which an analytic multivalued function is discontinuous. For convenience, ...

The number obtained by adding the reciprocals of the odd twin primes, B=(1/3+1/5)+(1/5+1/7)+(1/(11)+1/(13))+(1/(17)+1/(19))+.... (1) By Brun's theorem, the series converges ...

The Burnside problem originated with Burnside (1902), who wrote, "A still undecided point in the theory of discontinuous groups is whether the group order of a group may be ...

A busy beaver is an n-state, 2-color Turing machine which writes a maximum number Sigma(n) of 1s before halting (Rado 1962; Lin and Rado 1965; Shallit 1998). Alternatively, ...

"The" butterfly graph is a name sometimes given to the 5-vertex graph illustrated above. This graph is also known as the "bowtie graph" (West 2000, p. 12) and is the ...

In common usage, a cardinal number is a number used in counting (a counting number), such as 1, 2, 3, .... In formal set theory, a cardinal number (also called "the ...

A Carmichael number is an odd composite number n which satisfies Fermat's little theorem a^(n-1)-1=0 (mod n) (1) for every choice of a satisfying (a,n)=1 (i.e., a and n are ...

The conjecture made by Belgian mathematician Eugène Charles Catalan in 1844 that 8 and 9 (2^3 and 3^2) are the only consecutive powers (excluding 0 and 1). In other words, ...

The Cauchy principal value of a finite integral of a function f about a point c with a<=c<=b is given by ...