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There are two curves known as the butterfly curve. The first is the sextic plane curve given by the implicit equation y^6=x^2-x^6 (1) (Cundy and Rollett 1989, p. 72; left ...

Let f(x,y)=u(x,y)+iv(x,y), (1) where z=x+iy, (2) so dz=dx+idy. (3) The total derivative of f with respect to z is then (df)/(dz) = ...

For an undirected graph, an unordered pair of nodes that specify a line joining these two nodes are said to form an edge. For a directed graph, the edge is an ordered pair of ...

The Hénon-Heiles equation is a nonlinear nonintegrable Hamiltonian system with x^.. = -(partialV)/(partialx) (1) y^.. = -(partialV)/(partialy), (2) where the potential energy ...

Jackson's theorem is a statement about the error E_n(f) of the best uniform approximation to a real function f(x) on [-1,1] by real polynomials of degree at most n. Let f(x) ...

The 60 Pascal lines of a hexagon inscribed in a conic intersect three at a time through 20 Steiner points, and also three at a time in 60 points known as Kirkman points. Each ...

Also called Radau quadrature (Chandrasekhar 1960). A Gaussian quadrature with weighting function W(x)=1 in which the endpoints of the interval [-1,1] are included in a total ...

The minimum spanning tree of a weighted graph is a set of edges of minimum total weight which form a spanning tree of the graph. When a graph is unweighted, any spanning tree ...

A pair of elements (p_i,p_j) is called an inversion in a permutation p if i>j and p_i<p_j (Skiena 1990, p. 27; Pemmaraju and Skiena 2003, p. 69). For example, in the ...

A principal bundle is a special case of a fiber bundle where the fiber is a group G. More specifically, G is usually a Lie group. A principal bundle is a total space E along ...