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Let S_n be the set of permutations of {1, 2, ..., n}, and let sigma_t be the continuous time random walk on S_n that results when randomly chosen transpositions are performed ...

A fact noticed by physicist G. Gamow when he had an office on the second floor and physicist M. Stern had an office on the sixth floor of a seven-story building (Gamow and ...

Let M be a Riemannian manifold, and let the topological metric on M be defined by letting the distance between two points be the infimum of the lengths of curves joining the ...

The theory of classifying problems based on how difficult they are to solve. A problem is assigned to the P-problem (polynomial-time) class if the number of steps needed to ...

Correlation is the degree to which two or more quantities are linearly associated. In a two-dimensional plot, the degree of correlation between the values on the two axes is ...

A search algorithm of a tree that explores the first child of a node before visiting its siblings. Tarjan (1972) and Hopcroft and Tarjan (1973) showed that depth-first search ...

An operator which describes the time evolution of densities in phase space. The operator can be defined by rho_(n+1)=L^~rho_n, where rho_n are the natural invariants after ...

The 60 Pascal lines of a hexagon inscribed in a conic section intersect three at a time through 20 Steiner points. There is a dual relationship between the 15 Plücker lines ...

A short set of data that proves the primality of a number. A certificate can, in general, be checked much more quickly than the time required to generate the certificate. ...

The 20 Cayley lines generated by a hexagon inscribed in a conic section pass four at a time though 15 points known as Salmon points (Wells 1991). There is a dual relationship ...