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A Greek cross, also called a square cross, is a cross in the shape of a plus sign. It is a non-regular dodecagon. A square cross appears on the flag of Switzerland, and also ...

Combinatorial topology is a subset of algebraic topology that uses combinatorial methods. For example, simplicial homology is a combinatorial construction in algebraic ...

The MacBeath circle, a term coined here for the first time, is the circumcircle of the MacBeath triangle. It has a fairly complicated radius, center function, and circle ...

Consider (1) If the probability distribution is governed by a Markov process, then P_3(y_1,t_1;y_2,t_2|y_3,t_3) = P_2(y_2,t_2|y_3,t_3) (2) = P_2(y_2|y_3,t_3-t_2). (3) ...

In Season 4 episode "Black Swan" of the television crime drama NUMB3RS, the character Amita Ramanujan refers to universality classes when studying a map of the Los Angeles ...

The Delta-variation is a variation in which the varied path over which an integral is evaluated may end at different times than the correct path, and there may be variation ...

A number is said to be simply normal to base b if its base-b expansion has each digit appearing with average frequency tending to b^(-1). A normal number is an irrational ...

Find the tunnel between two points A and B on a gravitating sphere which gives the shortest transit time under the force of gravity. Assume the sphere to be nonrotating, of ...

An algorithm for finding integer relations whose running time is bounded by a polynomial in the number of real variables (Ferguson and Bailey 1992). Unfortunately, it is ...

If a continuous function defined on an interval is sometimes positive and sometimes negative, it must be 0 at some point. Bolzano (1817) proved the theorem (which effectively ...