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The use of permil (a.k.a. parts per thousand) is a way of expressing ratios in terms of whole numbers. Given a ratio or fraction, it is converted to a permil-age by ...

A polynomial function is a function whose values can be expressed in terms of a defining polynomial. A polynomial function of maximum degree 0 is said to be a constant ...

Lachlan's terms for a collection of n points.

The Pontryagin number is defined in terms of the Pontryagin class of a manifold as follows. For any collection of Pontryagin classes such that their cup product has the same ...

For a quadratic form Q in the canonical form Q=y_1^2+y_2^2+...+y_p^2-y_(p+1)^2-y_(p+2)^2-...-y_r^2, the rank is the total number r of square terms (both positive and ...

A quadratic recurrence is a recurrence equation on a sequence of numbers {x_n} expressing x_n as a second-degree polynomial in x_k with k<n. For example, x_n=x_(n-1)x_(n-2) ...

The radian is a unit of angular measure defined such that an angle of one radian subtended from the center of a unit circle produces an arc with arc length 1. A full angle is ...

A fraction a/b written in lowest terms, i.e., by dividing numerator and denominator through by their greatest common divisor (a,b). For example, 2/3 is the reduced fraction ...

An extension to the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm which applies when the terms of the sequences are integers modulo some given modulus m.

A related rates problem is the determination of the rate at which a function defined in terms of other functions changes. Related rates problems can be solved by computing ...