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An expression describing a form in which a quantity can be written. For example, all primes p>3 can be "represented as" 6n+/-1.

A set of methods that are generally superior to ANOVA for small data sets or where sample distributions are non-normal.

In a complete metric space, a countable union of nowhere dense sets is said to be meager; the complement of such a set is a residual set.

A plot of y_i versus the estimator e_i=y^^_i-y_i. Random scatter indicates the model is probably good. A pattern indicates a problem with the model. If the spread in e_i ...

In a local ring R, there is only one maximal ideal m. Hence, R has only one quotient ring R/m which is a field. This field is called the residue field.

A tree of links obtained by repeatedly choosing a crossing, applying the skein relationship to obtain two simpler links, and repeating the process. The tree depth of a ...

A method for predicting the onset of widespread chaos.

The sum of the aliquot divisors of n, given by s(n)=sigma(n)-n, where sigma(n) is the divisor function. The first few values are 0, 1, 1, 3, 1, 6, 1, 7, 4, 8, 1, 16, ... ...

A subspace A of X is called a retract of X if there is a continuous map f:X->X (called a retraction) such that for all x in X and all a in A, 1. f(x) in A, and 2. f(a)=a. ...

A retraction is a continuous map of a space onto a subspace leaving each point of the subspace fixed. Alternatively, retraction can refer to withdrawal of a paper containing ...