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A quotient of two polynomials P(z) and Q(z), R(z)=(P(z))/(Q(z)), is called a rational function, or sometimes a rational polynomial function. More generally, if P and Q are ...

Let M be a regular surface with v_(p),w_(p) points in the tangent space M_(p) of M. For M in R^3, the second fundamental form is the symmetric bilinear form on the tangent ...

Let p run over all distinct primitive ordered periodic geodesics, and let tau(p) denote the positive length of p, then the Selberg zeta function is defined as ...

A partition whose conjugate partition is equivalent to itself. The Ferrers diagrams corresponding to the self-conjugate partitions for 3<=n<=10 are illustrated above. The ...

The set difference A\B is defined by A\B={x:x in A and x not in B}. Here, the backslash symbol is defined as Unicode U+2216. The set difference is therefore equivalent to the ...

Two complex measures mu and nu on a measure space X, are mutually singular if they are supported on different subsets. More precisely, X=A union B where A and B are two ...

The regular skew icosahedron is a six-dimensional regular polytope that is just as symmetric as the Platonic icosahedron, but having different angles (Coxeter 1950; Coxeter ...

A plane shape constructed by Reinhardt (1934) that is conjectured to be the "worst" packer of all centrally-symmetric plane regions. It has a packing density of ...

A spheroid is an ellipsoid having two axes of equal length, making it a surface of revolution. By convention, the two distinct axis lengths are denoted a and c, and the ...

The square root method is an algorithm which solves the matrix equation Au=g (1) for u, with A a p×p symmetric matrix and g a given vector. Convert A to a triangular matrix ...