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In general, there are two important types of curvature: extrinsic curvature and intrinsic curvature. The extrinsic curvature of curves in two- and three-space was the first ...

The point on the positive ray of the normal vector at a distance rho(s), where rho is the radius of curvature. It is given by z = x+rhoN (1) = x+rho^2(dT)/(ds), (2) where N ...

A coordinate system composed of intersecting surfaces. If the intersections are all at right angles, then the curvilinear coordinates are said to form an orthogonal ...

A cusp catastrophe is a catastrophe which can occur for two control factors and one behavior axis. The cusp catastrophe is the universal unfolding of the singularity f(x)=x^4 ...

The evolute of an ellipse specified parametrically by x = acost (1) y = bsint (2) is given by the parametric equations x_e = (a^2-b^2)/acos^3t (3) y_e = (b^2-a^2)/bsin^3t. ...

Euclidean n-space, sometimes called Cartesian space or simply n-space, is the space of all n-tuples of real numbers, (x_1, x_2, ..., x_n). Such n-tuples are sometimes called ...

The finite volume method is a numerical method for solving partial differential equations that calculates the values of the conserved variables averaged across the volume. ...

A manifold with a Riemannian metric that has zero curvature is a flat manifold. The basic example is Euclidean space with the usual metric ds^2=sum_(i)dx_i^2. In fact, any ...

Also known as the Serret-Frenet formulas, these vector differential equations relate inherent properties of a parametrized curve. In matrix form, they can be written [T^.; ...

If two single-valued continuous functions kappa(s) (curvature) and tau(s) (torsion) are given for s>0, then there exists exactly one space curve, determined except for ...