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If a sequence of double points is passed as a closed curve is traversed, each double point appears once in an even place and once in an odd place.

If a function phi is harmonic in a sphere, then the value of phi at the center of the sphere is the arithmetic mean of its value on the surface.

f(x) approx t_n(x)=sum_(k=0)^(2n)f_kzeta_k(x), where t_n(x) is a trigonometric polynomial of degree n such that t_n(x_k)=f_k for k=0, ..., 2n, and ...

The Machin-like formula 1/4pi=12cot^(-1)18+8cot^(-1)57-5cot^(-1)239.

For even h, (1) (Nagell 1951, p. 176). Writing out symbolically, sum_(n=0)^h((-1)^nproduct_(k=0)^(n-1)(1-x^(h-k)))/(product_(k=1)^(n)(1-x^k))=product_(k=0)^(h/2-1)1-x^(2k+1), ...

Let f be an integer polynomial. The f can be factored into a product of two polynomials of lower degree with rational coefficients iff it can be factored into a product of ...

The zeros of the derivative P^'(z) of a polynomial P(z) that are not multiple zeros of P(z) are the positions of equilibrium in the field of force due to unit particles ...

The gear curve is a curve resembling a gear with n teeth given by the parametric equations x = rcost (1) y = rsint, (2) where r=a+1/btanh[bsin(nt)], (3) where tanhx is the ...

The Gelfand-Naimark theorem states that each C^*-algebra is isometrically *-isomorphic to a closed *-subalgebra of the algebra B(H) consisting of all bounded operators acting ...

If A is a unital Banach algebra where every nonzero element is invertible, then A is the algebra of complex numbers.