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The shortest path problem seeks to find the shortest path (a.k.a. graph geodesic) connecting two specific vertices (u,v) of a directed or undirected graph. The length of the ...

Stadium billiards refers to the investigation of the path of a billiard ball on a stadium-shaped billiard table, as first investigated by Bunimovich (1974).

The ABC (atom-bond connectivity) energy of a graph is defined as the graph energy of its ABC matrix, i.e., the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its ABC matrix.

A finite or infinite square matrix with rational entries. (If the matrix is infinite, all but a finite number of entries in each row must be 0.) The sum or product of two ...

In a given acute triangle DeltaABC, locate a point whose distances from A, B, and C have the smallest possible sum. The solution is the point from which each side subtends an ...

It is conjectured that every tree with e edges whose nodes are all trivalent or monovalent can be given a "magic" labeling such that the integers 1, 2, ..., e can be assigned ...

An analog of the determinant for number triangles defined as a signed sum indexed by set partitions of {1,...,n} into pairs of elements. The Pfaffian is the square root of ...

Let P be a prime ideal in D_m not containing m. Then (Phi(P))=P^(sumtsigma_t^(-1)), where the sum is over all 1<=t<m which are relatively prime to m. Here D_m is the ring of ...

A "weird number" is a number that is abundant (i.e., the sum of proper divisors is greater than the number) without being pseudoperfect (i.e., no subset of the proper ...

Define E(x;q,a)=psi(x;q,a)-x/(phi(q)), (1) where psi(x;q,a)=sum_(n<=x; n=a (mod q))Lambda(n) (2) (Davenport 1980, p. 121), Lambda(n) is the Mangoldt function, and phi(q) is ...