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An algorithm for partitioning (or clustering) N data points into K disjoint subsets S_j containing N_j data points so as to minimize the sum-of-squares criterion ...

Given a sequence of values {a_k}_(k=1)^n, the high-water marks are the values at which the running maximum increases. For example, given a sequence (3,5,7,8,8,5,7,9,2,5) with ...

Quantile-quantile plots (also called q-q plots) are used to determine if two data sets come from populations with a common distribution. In such a plot, points are formed ...

Simpson's paradox, also known as the amalgamation paradox, reversal paradox, or Yule-Simpson effect, is a paradox in which a statistical trend appears to be present when data ...

A data structure designed to allow repeated extraction of the smallest remaining key (Skiena 1990, p. 38).

A stem-and-leaf diagram, also called a stem-and-leaf plot, is a diagram that quickly summarizes data while maintaining the individual data points. In such a diagram, the ...

The numerical value of Khinchin's constant K is given by K=2.685452001... (OEIS A002210). However, the numerical value of K is notoriously difficult to calculate to high ...

A set of methods that are generally superior to ANOVA for small data sets or where sample distributions are non-normal.

The determination of a test for the equality of means for two normal distributions with different variances given samples from each. There exists an exact test which, ...

The simple continued fraction representations for Catalan's constant K is [0, 1, 10, 1, 8, 1, 88, 4, 1, 1, ...] (OEIS A014538). A plot of the first 256 terms of the continued ...