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The geodesics in a complete Riemannian metric go on indefinitely, i.e., each geodesic is isometric to the real line. For example, Euclidean space is complete, but the open ...

A set of quadratic surfaces which share foci. Ellipsoids and one- and two-sheeted hyperboloids can be confocal. These three types of surfaces can be combined to form an ...

A cross-handle is a topological structure which can be thought of as the object produced by puncturing a surface twice, attaching a zip around each puncture travelling in the ...

A special case of Stokes' theorem in which F is a vector field and M is an oriented, compact embedded 2-manifold with boundary in R^3, and a generalization of Green's theorem ...

A set A in a first-countable space is dense in B if B=A union L, where L is the set of limit points of A. For example, the rational numbers are dense in the reals. In ...

A disk algebra is an algebra of functions which are analytic on the open unit disk in C and continuous up to the boundary. A representative measure for a point x in the ...

Two metrics g_1 and g_2 defined on a space X are called equivalent if they induce the same metric topology on X. This is the case iff, for every point x_0 of X, every ball ...

A functor is said to be faithful if it is injective on maps. This does not necessarily imply injectivity on objects. For example, the forgetful functor from the category of ...

The frame bundle on a Riemannian manifold M is a principal bundle. Over every point p in M, the Riemannian metric determines the set of orthonormal frames, i.e., the possible ...

If the sampling of an interferogram is modulated at a definite frequency instead of being uniformly sampled, spurious spectral features called "ghosts" are produced (Brault ...