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A cryptarithmetic in which the letters used to represent distinct digits are derived from related words or meaningful phrases. The term was coined by Hunter in 1955 (Madachy ...

Also known as the Leibniz criterion. An alternating series converges if a_1>=a_2>=... and lim_(k->infty)a_k=0.

The term used in propositional calculus for the NAND connective. The notation A|B is used for this connective, a most unfortunate choice in light of modern usage of A|B or ...

An ansatz is an assumed form for a mathematical statement that is not based on any underlying theory or principle. An example from physics is the Bethe Ansatz (Müller).

A number which can be represented both in the form x_0^2-Dy_0^2 and in the form Dx_1^2-y_1^2. This is only possible when the Pell equation x^2-Dy^2=-1 (1) is solvable. Then ...

A function f(x) is said to be antiperiodic with antiperiod p if -f(x)=f(x+np) for n=1, 3, .... For example, the sine function sinx is antiperiodic with period pi (as well as ...

A homographic transformation x_1 = (ax+by+c)/(a^('')x+b^('')y+c^('')) (1) y_1 = (a^'x+b^'y+c^')/(a^('')x+b^('')y+c^('')) (2) with t_1 substituted for t according to ...

A formal mathematical theory which introduces "components at infinity" by defining a new type of divisor class group of integers of a number field. The divisor class group is ...

The 4-polyhex illustrated above (Gardner 1978, p. 147).

Let M be the midpoint of the arc AMB. Pick C at random and pick D such that MD_|_AC (where _|_ denotes perpendicular). Then AD=DC+BC.