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A circle is the set of points in a plane that are equidistant from a given point O. The distance r from the center is called the radius, and the point O is called the center. ...

Let f be a fractional coloring of a graph G. Then the sum of values of f is called its weight, and the minimum possible weight of a fractional coloring is called the ...

The Hermite polynomials H_n(x) are set of orthogonal polynomials over the domain (-infty,infty) with weighting function e^(-x^2), illustrated above for n=1, 2, 3, and 4. ...

A polygon can be defined (as illustrated above) as a geometric object "consisting of a number of points (called vertices) and an equal number of line segments (called sides), ...

The quaternions are members of a noncommutative division algebra first invented by William Rowan Hamilton. The idea for quaternions occurred to him while he was walking along ...

An elliptic curve is the set of solutions to an equation of the form y^2+a_1xy+a_3y=x^3+a_2x^2+a_4x+a_6. (1) By changing variables, y->2y+a_1x+a_3, assuming the field ...

The residue classes of a function f(x) mod n are all possible values of the residue f(x) (mod n). For example, the residue classes of x^2 (mod 6) are {0,1,3,4}, since 0^2=0 ...

There are four completely different definitions of the so-called Apollonius circles: 1. The set of all points whose distances from two fixed points are in a constant ratio ...

The complex numbers are the field C of numbers of the form x+iy, where x and y are real numbers and i is the imaginary unit equal to the square root of -1, sqrt(-1). When a ...

The cube-connected cycle graph of order n is the graph obtained by replacing each vertex in a n-dimensional hypercube by a cycle of length n. They were introduced by ...