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A geometric implement discovered in a 19th century book, and whose inventor is unknown. It essentially consists of a semicircle, a segment SR which prolongs its diameter and ...

Trigonometric functions of npi/11 for n an integer cannot be expressed in terms of sums, products, and finite root extractions on real rational numbers because 11 is not a ...

A triply periodic function is a function having three distinct periods. Jacobi (1835) proved that a single-valued univariate function cannot have more than two distinct ...

A transformation of a polynomial equation f(x)=0 which is of the form y=g(x)/h(x) where g and h are polynomials and h(x) does not vanish at a root of f(x)=0. The cubic ...

Whitehead and Russell (1927) devised a hierarchy of "types" in order to eliminate self-referential statements from Principia Mathematica, which purported to derive all of ...

The contraction of a pair of vertices v_i and v_j of a graph, also called vertex identification, is the operation that produces a graph in which the two nodes v_1 and v_2 are ...

A totally ordered set (A,<=) is said to be well ordered (or have a well-founded order) iff every nonempty subset of A has a least element (Ciesielski 1997, p. 38; Moore 1982, ...

The word "base" in mathematics is used to refer to a particular mathematical object that is used as a building block. The most common uses are the related concepts of the ...

"The" butterfly graph is a name sometimes given to the 5-vertex graph illustrated above. This graph is also known as the "bowtie graph" (West 2000, p. 12) and is the ...

A line is a straight one-dimensional figure having no thickness and extending infinitely in both directions. A line is sometimes called a straight line or, more archaically, ...