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If and only if (i.e., necessary and sufficient). The terms "just if" or "exactly when" are sometimes used instead. A iff B is written symbolically as A<->B, A<=>B, A<->B, or ...

A matrix is ill-conditioned if the condition number is too large (and singular if it is infinite).

An independent variable is a variable whose values don't depend on changes in other variables. This is in contrast to the definition of dependent variable. As with dependent ...

An inflection point is a point on a curve at which the sign of the curvature (i.e., the concavity) changes. Inflection points may be stationary points, but are not local ...

Let f be a function defined on a set A and taking values in a set B. Then f is said to be an injection (or injective map, or embedding) if, whenever f(x)=f(y), it must be the ...

The insphere of a solid is a sphere that is tangent to all faces of the solid. An insphere does not always exist, but when it does, its radius r is called the inradius and ...

The intersection of two sets A and B is the set of elements common to A and B. This is written A intersection B, and is pronounced "A intersection B" or "A cap B." The ...

The notion of an inverse is used for many types of mathematical constructions. For example, if f:T->S is a function restricted to a domain S and range T in which it is ...

The inverse erf function is the inverse function erfc^(-1)(z) of erfc(x) such that erfc(erfc^(-1)(x))=erfc^(-1)(erfc(x)), (1) with the first identity holding for 0<x<2 and ...

The inverse Gaussian distribution, also known as the Wald distribution, is the distribution over [0,infty) with probability density function and distribution function given ...