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The depth of a vertex v in a rooted tree as the number of edges from v to the root vertex. A function to return the depth of a vertex v in a tree g may be implemented in a ...

The vertex height of a vertex v in a rooted tree is the number of edges on the longest downward path between v and a tree leaf. The height of the root vertex of a rooted tree ...

A horizontal line placed above multiple quantities to indicate that they form a unit. It is most commonly used to denote 1. A radical (sqrt(12345)), 2. Repeating decimals ...

A diagonal slash resembling the solidus, but with slightly less slant, used to denote division for in-line equations such as a/b, 1/(x-1)^2, etc.

A compact set W_infty with area mu(W_infty)=8/9(24)/(25)(48)/(49)...=pi/4 created by punching a square hole of length 1/3 in the center of a square. In each of the eight ...

In the calculus of variations, the condition f_(y^')(x,y,y^'(x_-))=f_(y^')(x,y,y^'(x_+)) must hold at a corner (x,y) of a minimizing arc E_(12).

A zero-sum game is a game in which players make payments only to each other. In such a game, one player's loss is the other player's gain, so the total amount of "money" ...

The letter O is used for a number of different purposes in mathematics. The double-struck O is sometimes used to represent octonions. The symbols O(x) (sometimes called the ...

Euler conjectured that there do not exist Euler squares of order n=4k+2 for k=1, 2, .... In fact, MacNeish (1921-1922) published a purported proof of this conjecture (Bruck ...

Big-omega notation is the inverse of the Landau symbol O, f(n) in O(g(n))<=>g(n) in Omega(f(n)).