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The outer Napoleon circle, a term coined here for the first time, is the circumcircle of the outer Napoleon triangle. It has center at the triangle centroid G (and is thus ...

Given two paired sets X_i and Y_i of n measured values, the paired t-test determines whether they differ from each other in a significant way under the assumptions that the ...

A fraction containing each of the digits 1 through 9 is called a pandigital fraction. The following table gives the number of pandigital fractions which represent simple unit ...

A system of curvilinear coordinates in which two sets of coordinate surfaces are obtained by revolving the parabolas of parabolic cylindrical coordinates about the x-axis, ...

A system of curvilinear coordinates. There are several different conventions for the orientation and designation of these coordinates. Arfken (1970) defines coordinates ...

An auxiliary latitude also called the reduced latitude and denoted eta or theta. It gives the latitude on a sphere of radius a for which the parallel has the same radius as ...

A permutation of n distinct, ordered items in which none of the items is in its original ordered position is known as a derangement. If some, but not necessarily all, of the ...

The n-path complement graph P^__n is the graph complement of the path graph P_n. The first few are illustrated above. Since P_4 is self-complementary, P^__4 is isomorphic to ...

The pathwidth of a graph G, also called the interval thickness, vertex separation number, and node searching number, is one less than the size of the largest set in a path ...

A polyhedral graph on five nodes. There are two topologically distinct pentahedral graphs which, through duality, correspond to the skeletons of the square pyramid (left ...