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A curve in two dimensions on which the value of a function f(x,y) is a constant. Other synonymous terms are isarithm, isopleth, and contour line. A plot of several ...

An equirectangular projection is a cylindrical equidistant projection, also called a rectangular projection, plane chart, plate carre, or unprojected map, in which the ...

For any integers a_i with 1<=a_1<a_2<...<a_k<=n, the proportion of permutations in the symmetric group S_n whose cyclic decompositions contain no cycles of lengths a_1, a_2, ...

An endomorphism is called ergodic if it is true that T^(-1)A=A implies m(A)=0 or 1, where T^(-1)A={x in X:T(x) in A}. Examples of ergodic endomorphisms include the map X->2x ...

A program initiated by F. Klein in an 1872 lecture to describe geometric structures in terms of their automorphism groups.

The partial differential equation R[u](u_(rr)+(u_r)/r+u_(zz))=u_r^2+u_z^2, where R[u] is the real part of u (Calogero and Degasperis 1982, p. 62; Zwillinger 1997, p. 131).

A normal distribution with mean 0, P(x)=h/(sqrt(pi))e^(-h^2x^2). (1) The characteristic function is phi(t)=e^(-t^2/(4h^2)). (2) The mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis ...

A closed ideal I in a C^*-algebra A is called essential if I has nonzero intersection with every other nonzero closed ideal A or, equivalently, if aI={0} implies a=0 for all ...

A singular point a for which f(z)(z-a)^n is not differentiable for any integer n>0.

A bounded operator U on a Hilbert space H is called essentially unitary if U^*U-I and UU^*-I are compact operators.