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The probability that a variate would assume a value greater than or equal to the observed value strictly by chance: P(z>=z_(observed)).

An algorithm which can be used to find integer relations between real numbers x_1, ..., x_n such that a_1x_1+a_2x_2+...+a_nx_n=0, with not all a_i=0. Although the algorithm ...

If all the diagonals--including those obtained by "wrapping around" the edges--of a magic square sum to the same magic constant, the square is said to be a panmagic square ...

The map x^' = x+1 (1) y^' = 2x+y+1, (2) which leaves the parabola x^('2)-y^'=(x+1)^2-(2x+y+1)=x^2-y (3) invariant.

Two vectors u and v are parallel if their cross product is zero, i.e., uxv=0.

A statistical test in which assumptions are made about the underlying distribution of observed data.

A partial function is a function that is not total.

Functions which have derivatives of all orders at all points and which, together with their derivatives, fall off at least as rapidly as |x|^(-n) as |x|->infty, no matter how ...

A game for which each player has a different set of moves in any position. Every position in an impartial game has a nim-value.

Inspired by computer simulations of fossilized worms trails published by Raup and Seilacher (1969), computer scientist Mike Paterson at the University of Warwick and ...