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A merit function, also known as a figure-of-merit function, is a function that measures the agreement between data and the fitting model for a particular choice of the ...

A statement about theorems. It usually gives a criterion for getting a new theorem from an old one, either by changing its objects according to a rule (duality principle), or ...

The study of the inner structure of a mathematical theory considered as a whole. It deals with the general properties of the rules according to which the objects of a certain ...

An algorithm for finding roots which retains that prior estimate for which the function value has opposite sign from the function value at the current best estimate of the ...

A nonnegative function g(x,y) describing the "distance" between neighboring points for a given set. A metric satisfies the triangle inequality g(x,y)+g(y,z)>=g(x,z) (1) and ...

1. Find a complete system of invariants, or 2. Decide when two metrics differ only by a coordinate transformation. The most common statement of the problem is, "Given metrics ...

Roughly speaking, the metric tensor g_(ij) is a function which tells how to compute the distance between any two points in a given space. Its components can be viewed as ...

A Meyniel graph, also called a very strongly perfect graph, is a graph in which every odd cycle of length five or more has at least two chords. Meyniel graphs are perfect. ...

The mid-arc triangle is the triangle DeltaA^'B^'C^' whose vertices consist of the intersections of the internal angle bisectors with the incircle, where the points of ...

The midcircle of two given circles is the circle which would invert the circles into each other. Dixon (1991) gives constructions for the midcircle for four of the five ...