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Define an antipode of a given graph vertex v_i as a vertex v_j at greatest possible graph distance from v_i. Then an antipodal graph is a connected graph in which each vertex ...

A topological two-sphere in three-space whose exterior is not simply connected. The outer complement of Antoine's horned sphere is not simply connected. Furthermore, the ...

Arc length is defined as the length along a curve, s=int_gamma|dl|, (1) where dl is a differential displacement vector along a curve gamma. For example, for a circle of ...

An Argand diagram is a plot of complex numbers as points z=x+iy in the complex plane using the x-axis as the real axis and y-axis as the imaginary axis. In the plot above, ...

Given a regular surface M, an asymptotic curve is formally defined as a curve x(t) on M such that the normal curvature is 0 in the direction x^'(t) for all t in the domain of ...

An attractor is a set of states (points in the phase space), invariant under the dynamics, towards which neighboring states in a given basin of attraction asymptotically ...

Let phi:M->M be a C^1 diffeomorphism on a compact Riemannian manifold M. Then phi satisfies Axiom A if the nonwandering set Omega(phi) of phi is hyperbolic and the periodic ...

A map projection on which the azimuths of all points are shown correctly with respect to the center (Snyder 1987, p. 4). A plane tangent to one of the Earth's poles is the ...

An identity in calculus of variations discovered in 1868 by Beltrami. The Euler-Lagrange differential equation is (partialf)/(partialy)-d/(dx)((partialf)/(partialy_x))=0. (1) ...

Bicentric perspective is the study of the projection of 3D space from a pair of fiducial points instead of a single one, the latter of which may be called "centric" or ...