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The nullity of a linear transformation f:V->W of vector spaces is the dimension of its null space. The nullity and the map rank add up to the dimension of V, a result ...

The word "number" is a general term which refers to a member of a given (possibly ordered) set. The meaning of "number" is often clear from context (i.e., does it refer to a ...

If r is an algebraic number of degree n, then the totality of all expressions that can be constructed from r by repeated additions, subtractions, multiplications, and ...

Let K be a number field of extension degree d over Q. Then an order O of K is a subring of the ring of integers of K with d generators over Z, including 1. The ring of ...

An extremely fast factorization method developed by Pollard which was used to factor the RSA-130 number. This method is the most powerful known for factoring general numbers, ...

The ordered pair (s,t), where s is the number of real embeddings of the number field and t is the number of complex-conjugate pairs of embeddings. The degree of the number ...

By asking a small number of innocent-sounding questions about an unknown number, it is possible to reconstruct the number with absolute certainty (assuming that the questions ...

The length of a number n in base b is the number of digits in the base-b numeral for n, given by the formula L(n,b)=|_log_b(n)_|+1, where |_x_| is the floor function. The ...

Given a set S of n nonnegative integers, the number partitioning problem requires the division of S into two subsets such that the sums of number in each subset are as close ...

It is possible to construct simple functions which produce growing patterns. For example, the Baxter-Hickerson function f(n)=1/3(2·10^(5n)-10^(4n)+2·10^(3n)+10^(2n)+10^n+1) ...