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Fermat's 4n+1 theorem, sometimes called Fermat's two-square theorem or simply "Fermat's theorem," states that a prime number p can be represented in an essentially unique ...

In 1657, Fermat posed the problem of finding solutions to sigma(x^3)=y^2, and solutions to sigma(x^2)=y^3, where sigma(n) is the divisor function (Dickson 2005). The first ...

Given a number n, Fermat's factorization methods look for integers x and y such that n=x^2-y^2. Then n=(x-y)(x+y) (1) and n is factored. A modified form of this observation ...

Fermat's last theorem is a theorem first proposed by Fermat in the form of a note scribbled in the margin of his copy of the ancient Greek text Arithmetica by Diophantus. The ...

If p is a prime number and a is a natural number, then a^p=a (mod p). (1) Furthermore, if pa (p does not divide a), then there exists some smallest exponent d such that ...

The converse of Fermat's little theorem is also known as Lehmer's theorem. It states that, if an integer x is prime to m and x^(m-1)=1 (mod m) and there is no integer e<m-1 ...

In 1638, Fermat proposed that every positive integer is a sum of at most three triangular numbers, four square numbers, five pentagonal numbers, and n n-polygonal numbers. ...

The probability that two events will both happen is hk, where h is the probability that the first event will happen, and k is the probability that the second event will ...

In a given acute triangle DeltaABC, locate a point whose distances from A, B, and C have the smallest possible sum. The solution is the point from which each side subtends an ...

The area of a rational right triangle cannot be a square number. This statement is equivalent to "a congruum cannot be a square number."