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One of the beautiful arrangements of circles found at the Temple of Osiris at Abydos, Egypt (Rawles 1997). The pattern also appears in Phoenician art from the 9th century BC ...

A graph is a forbidden topological minor (also known as a forbidden homeomorphic subgraph) if its presence as a homeomorphic subgraph of a given graph (i.e., there is an ...

A friendly number is a number that is a member of a friendly pair or a higher-order friendly n-tuple. Numbers that are not friendly are said to be solitary. There are some ...

Let F_0 and F_1 denote two directly similar figures in the plane, where P_1 in F_1 corresponds to P_0 in F_0 under the given similarity. Let r in (0,1), and define ...

The funnel surface is a regular surface and surface of revolution defined by the Cartesian equation z=1/2aln(x^2+y^2) (1) and the parametric equations x(u,v) = ucosv (2) ...

A generalized eigenvector for an n×n matrix A is a vector v for which (A-lambdaI)^kv=0 for some positive integer k in Z^+. Here, I denotes the n×n identity matrix. The ...

A quantitative measure of the simplicity of a geometric construction which reduces geometric constructions to five steps. It was devised by È. Lemoine. S_1 Place a ...

A Goldbach number is a positive integer that is the sum of two odd primes (Li 1999). Let E(x) (the "exceptional set of Goldbach numbers") denote the number of even numbers ...

A two-coloring of a complete graph K_n of n nodes which contains exactly the number of monochromatic forced triangles and no more (i.e., a minimum of R+B where R and B are ...

An orientation of an undirected graph G is an assignment of exactly one direction to each of the edges of G. Only connected, bridgeless graphs can have a strong orientation ...