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A point p on a regular surface M in R^3 is said to be hyperbolic if the Gaussian curvature K(p)<0 or equivalently, the principal curvatures kappa_1 and kappa_2, have opposite ...

Interest is a fee (or payment) made for the borrowing (or lending) of money. The two most common types of interest are simple interest, for which interest is paid only on the ...

An element a of a ring which is nonzero, not a unit, and whose only divisors are the trivial ones (i.e., the units and the products ua, where u is a unit). Equivalently, an ...

A proper ideal of a ring that is not the intersection of two ideals which properly contain it. In a principal ideal domain, the ideal I=<a> is irreducible iff a=0 or a is an ...

A line bundle is a special case of a vector bundle in which the fiber is either R, in the case of a real line bundle, or C, in the case of a complex line bundle.

Also known as the first fundamental form, ds^2=g_(ab)dx^adx^b. In the principal axis frame for three dimensions, ds^2=g_(11)(dx^1)^2+g_(22)(dx^2)^2+g_(33)(dx^3)^2. At ...

A principal vertex x_i of a simple polygon P is called a mouth if the diagonal [x_(i-1),x_(i+1)] is an extremal diagonal (i.e., the interior of [x_(i-1),x_(i+1)] lies in the ...

Except for convex polygons, every simple polygon has at least one mouth.

The plane spanned by the three points x(t), x(t+h_1), and x(t+h_2) on a curve as h_1,h_2->0. Let z be a point on the osculating plane, then [(z-x),x^',x^('')]=0, where ...

A point p on a regular surface M in R^3 is said to be parabolic if the Gaussian curvature K(p)=0 but S(p)!=0 (where S is the shape operator), or equivalently, exactly one of ...