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An inflection point is a point on a curve at which the sign of the curvature (i.e., the concavity) changes. Inflection points may be stationary points, but are not local ...

A pseudoprime is a composite number that passes a test or sequence of tests that fail for most composite numbers. Unfortunately, some authors drop the "composite" ...

Baer's criterion, also known as Baer's test, states that a module M over a unit ring R is injective iff every module homomorphism from an ideal of R to M can be extended to a ...

Also known as the alternating series test. Given a series sum_(n=1)^infty(-1)^(n+1)a_n with a_n>0, if a_n is monotonic decreasing as n->infty and lim_(n->infty)a_n=0, then ...

A point of a function or surface which is a stationary point but not an extremum. An example of a one-dimensional function with a saddle point is f(x)=x^3, which has f^'(x) = ...

A random number generator produced by iterating X_(n+1)=|100lnX_n (mod 1)| for a seed X_0=0.1. This simple generator passes the noise sphere test for randomness by showing no ...

The term negative likelihood ratio is also used (especially in medicine) to test nonnested complementary hypotheses as follows, NLR = ([false negative rate])/([true negative ...

The function f(x,y)=(1-x)^2+100(y-x^2)^2 that is often used as a test problem for optimization algorithms (where a variation with 100 replaced by 105 is sometimes used; ...

A compositeness certificate is a piece of information which guarantees that a given number p is composite. Possible certificates consist of a factor of a number (which, in ...

"Analysis of Variance." A statistical test for heterogeneity of means by analysis of group variances. ANOVA is implemented as ANOVA[data] in the Wolfram Language package ...