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The Lehmer-Mahler is the following integral representation for the Legendre polynomial P_n(x): P_n(costheta) = 1/piint_0^pi(costheta+isinthetacosphi)^ndphi (1) = ...

The Laplacian spectral radius of a finite graph is defined as the largest value of its Laplacian spectrum, i.e., the largest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix (Lin et al. ...

In calculus, geometry, and plotting contexts, the term "linear function" means a function whose graph is a straight line, i.e., a polynomial function of degree 0 or 1. A ...

The longest path problem asks to find a path of maximum length in a given graph. The problem is NP-complete, but there exists an efficient dynamic programming solution for ...

Lucas's theorem states that if n>=3 be a squarefree integer and Phi_n(z) a cyclotomic polynomial, then Phi_n(z)=U_n^2(z)-(-1)^((n-1)/2)nzV_n^2(z), (1) where U_n(z) and V_n(z) ...

Consider the Lagrange interpolating polynomial f(x)=b_0+(x-1)(b_1+(x-2)(b_3+(x-3)+...)) (1) through the points (n,p_n), where p_n is the nth prime. For the first few points, ...

Module multiplicity is a number associated with every nonzero finitely generated graded module M over a graded ring R for which the Hilbert series is defined. If dim(M)=d, ...

Let E be the largest and e the smallest power of l in the HOMFLY polynomial of an oriented link, and i be the braid index. Then the Morton-Franks-Williams inequality holds, ...

In a set X equipped with a binary operation · called a product, the multiplicative identity is an element e such that e·x=x·e=x for all x in X. It can be, for example, the ...

Let pi_n(x)=product_(k=0)^n(x-x_k), (1) then f(x)=f_0+sum_(k=1)^npi_(k-1)(x)[x_0,x_1,...,x_k]+R_n, (2) where [x_1,...] is a divided difference, and the remainder is ...