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An automorphism is an isomorphism of a system of objects onto itself. The term derives from the Greek prefix alphaupsilontauomicron (auto) "self" and ...

A labeling phi of (the vertices) of a graph G with positive integers taken from the set {1,2,...,r} is said to be r-distinguishing if no graph automorphism of G preserves all ...

The Patterson graph is the graph whose vertices are the 22880 centers of the Sylow 3-groups of the Suzuki group and in which two vertices are adjacent whenever they generate ...

For a permutation alpha in the symmetric group S_p, the alpha-permutation graph of a labeled graph G is the graph union of two disjoint copies of G (say, G_1 and G_2), ...

A module having only one element: the singleton set {*}. It is a module over any ring R with respect to the multiplication defined by a*=* (1) for every a in R, and the ...

Roughly speaking, a tangent vector is an infinitesimal displacement at a specific point on a manifold. The set of tangent vectors at a point P forms a vector space called the ...

A Lorentz transformation is a four-dimensional transformation x^('mu)=Lambda^mu_nux^nu, (1) satisfied by all four-vectors x^nu, where Lambda^mu_nu is a so-called Lorentz ...

A Kähler structure on a complex manifold M combines a Riemannian metric on the underlying real manifold with the complex structure. Such a structure brings together geometry ...

A general reciprocity theorem for all orders which covered all other known reciprocity theorems when proved by E. Artin in 1927. If R is a number field and R^' a finite ...

A type of sale in which members of a group of buyers offer ever increasing amounts. The bidder making the last bid (for which no higher bid is subsequently made within a ...