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A quasigroup with an identity element e such that xe=x and ex=x for any x in the quasigroup. All groups are loops. In general, loops are considered to have very little in the ...

Informally, the term asymptotic means approaching a value or curve arbitrarily closely (i.e., as some sort of limit is taken). A line or curve A that is asymptotic to given ...

The bei_nu(z) function is defined through the equation J_nu(ze^(3pii/4))=ber_nu(z)+ibei_nu(z), (1) where J_nu(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind, so ...

The function ber_nu(z) is defined through the equation J_nu(ze^(3pii/4))=ber_nu(z)+ibei_nu(z), (1) where J_nu(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind, so ...

Bisection is the division of a given curve, figure, or interval into two equal parts (halves). A simple bisection procedure for iteratively converging on a solution which is ...

A block matrix is a matrix that is defined using smaller matrices, called blocks. For example, [A B; C D], (1) where A, B, C, and D are themselves matrices, is a block ...

A multiway system that generates causal networks which are all isomorphic as acyclic digraphs is said to exhibit causal invariance, and the causal network itself is also said ...

A check which can be used to verify correct computations in a table of grouped classes. For example, consider the following table with specified class limits and frequencies ...

The number of ways to arrange n distinct objects along a fixed (i.e., cannot be picked up out of the plane and turned over) circle is P_n=(n-1)!. The number is (n-1)! instead ...

Combinatorics is the branch of mathematics studying the enumeration, combination, and permutation of sets of elements and the mathematical relations that characterize their ...