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The negative pedal curve of a line specified parametrically by x = at (1) y = 0 (2) is given by x_n = 2at-x (3) y_n = ((x-at)^2)/y, (4) which is a parabola.

A linear approximation to a function f(x) at a point x_0 can be computed by taking the first term in the Taylor series f(x_0+Deltax)=f(x_0)+f^'(x_0)Deltax+....

A sum of the elements from some set with constant coefficients placed in front of each. For example, a linear combination of the vectors x, y, and z is given by ax+by+cz, ...

Any linear system of point-groups on a curve with only ordinary singularities may be cut by adjoint curves.

The kernel of a linear transformation T:V-->W between vector spaces is its null space.

Two or more functions, equations, or vectors f_1, f_2, ..., which are not linearly dependent, i.e., cannot be expressed in the form a_1f_1+a_2f_2+...+a_nf_n=0 with a_1, a_2, ...

A curve on a surface whose tangents are always in the direction of principal curvature. The equation of the lines of curvature can be written |g_(11) g_(12) g_(22); b_(11) ...

The links curve is the quartic curve given by the Cartesian equation (x^2+y^2-3x)^2=4x^2(2-x). (1) The area enclosed by the outer envelope is A_(envelope)=1/6(9pi+8) (2) and ...

An algorithm for finding roots for quartic equations with complex roots.

This is proven in Rademacher and Toeplitz (1957).