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Two points are antipodal (i.e., each is the antipode of the other) if they are diametrically opposite. Examples include endpoints of a line segment, or poles of a sphere. ...

The vertex of an isosceles triangle having angle different from the two equal angles is called the apex of the isosceles triangle. The common polygon vertex at the top of a ...

A term sometimes used to describe a map projection which is neither equal-area nor conformal (Lee 1944; Snyder 1987, p. 4).

The greatest radial distance of an ellipse as measured from a focus. Taking v=pi in the equation of an ellipse r=(a(1-e^2))/(1+ecosv) gives the apoapsis distance r_+=a(1+e). ...

Given a circle, the apothem is the perpendicular distance r from the midpoint of a chord to the circle's center. It is also equal to the radius R minus the sagitta h, r=R-h. ...

A homographic transformation x_1 = (ax+by+c)/(a^('')x+b^('')y+c^('')) (1) y_1 = (a^'x+b^'y+c^')/(a^('')x+b^('')y+c^('')) (2) with t_1 substituted for t according to ...

A Banach space X has the approximation property (AP) if, for every epsilon>0 and each compact subset K of X, there is a finite rank operator T in X such that for each x in K, ...

Let (X,tau) be a topological space, and let p in X. Then the arc component of p is union {A subset= X:A is an arc and p in A}.

A unit of angular measure equal to 60 arc seconds, or 1/60 of a degree. The arc minute is denoted ^' (not to be confused with the symbol for feet).

The 4-polyhex illustrated above (Gardner 1978, p. 147).