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The maximal matching-generating polynomial M_G(x) for the graph G may be defined as the polynomial M_G(x)=sum_(k=nu_L(G))^(nu(G))m_kx^k, where nu_L(G) is the lower matching ...

The logarithm of the reciprocal of a number, equal to the negative of the logarithm of the number itself, cologx=log(1/x)=-logx.

The fifth of Peano's axioms, which states: If a set S of numbers contains zero and also the successor of every number in S, then every number is in S.

For any real number r>=0, an irrational number alpha can be approximated by infinitely many rational fractions p/q in such a way that ...

The area of a rational right triangle cannot be a square number. This statement is equivalent to "a congruum cannot be a square number."

The number sign # sometimes used in mathematics to indicate the number of a quantity satisfying some condition, e.g., #{n:n>1}. The symbol is also used to denote a primorial.

The Fermat number F_n is prime iff 3^(2^(2^n-1))=-1 (mod F_n).

A multiple of a number x is any quantity y=nx with n an integer. If x and y are integers, then x is called a factor of y. The smallest positive number m for which there exist ...

The third prime number, which is also the second Fermat prime, the third Sophie Germain prime, and Fibonacci number F_4. It is an Eisenstein prime, but not a Gaussian prime, ...

A complex translation is a map of the form z|->z+a, where a is a fixed complex number, which corresponds to translation (shifting) of points the complex plane by the complex ...