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The number of poles of an automorphic function in the closure of its fundamental region.

The determination of the number of alternating permutations having elements {1,2,...,n}.

A shuffling algorithm used in a class of random number generators.

A number D that possesses no common divisor with a prime number p is either a quadratic residue or nonresidue of p, depending whether D^((p-1)/2) is congruent mod p to +/-1.

A set partition of a set S is a collection of disjoint subsets of S whose union is S. The number of partitions of the set {k}_(k=1)^n is called a Bell number.

Elementary methods consist of arithmetic, geometry, and high school algebra. These are the only tools that may be used in the branch of number theory known as elementary ...

A circle-preserving transformation composed of an odd number of inversions.

A base-60, or sexagesimal, number system, used by the ancient Babylonians.

A circle-preserving transformation composed of an even number of inversions.

A minimization of the maximum error for a fixed number of terms.