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The set of natural numbers (the positive integers Z-+ 1, 2, 3, ...; OEIS A000027), denoted N, also called the whole numbers. Like whole numbers, there is no general agreement ...

There are several functions called "Lommel functions." One type of Lommel function appear in the solution to the Lommel differential equation and are given by ...

The Zernike polynomials are a set of orthogonal polynomials that arise in the expansion of a wavefront function for optical systems with circular pupils. The odd and even ...

A unimodular matrix is a real square matrix A with determinant det(A)=+/-1 (Born and Wolf 1980, p. 55; Goldstein 1980, p. 149). More generally, a matrix A with elements in ...

A Moiré pattern is an interference pattern produced by overlaying similar but slightly offset templates. A simple example is obtained by taking two identical ruled ...

Fok (1946) and Hazewinkel (1988, p. 65) call v(z) = 1/2sqrt(pi)Ai(z) (1) w_1(z) = 2e^(ipi/6)v(omegaz) (2) w_2(z) = 2e^(-ipi/6)v(omega^(-1)z), (3) where Ai(z) is an Airy ...

The Riemann-Siegel integral formula is the following representation of the xi-function xi(s) found in Riemann's Nachlass by Bessel-Hagen in 1926 (Siegel 1932; Edwards 2001, ...

A positive integer n is kth powerfree if there is no number d such that d^k|n (d^k divides n), i.e., there are no kth powers or higher in the prime factorization of n. A ...

The angular twist theta of a shaft with given cross section is given by theta=(TL)/(KG) (1) (Roark 1954, p. 174), where T is the twisting moment (commonly measured in units ...

By analogy with the squircle, a term first apparently used by Fernández Guasti et al. (2005), the term "rectellipse" (used here for the first time) is a natural ...