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The computation of points or values between ones that are known or tabulated using the surrounding points or values. In particular, given a univariate function f=f(x), ...

Lagrange multipliers, also called Lagrangian multipliers (e.g., Arfken 1985, p. 945), can be used to find the extrema of a multivariate function f(x_1,x_2,...,x_n) subject to ...

A monomial is a product of positive integer powers of a fixed set of variables (possibly) together with a coefficient, e.g., x, 3xy^2, or -2x^2y^3z. A monomial can also be ...

Quasi-Monte Carlo integration is a method of numerical integration that operates in the same way as Monte Carlo integration, but instead uses sequences of quasirandom numbers ...

A mathematical procedure for finding the best-fitting curve to a given set of points by minimizing the sum of the squares of the offsets ("the residuals") of the points from ...

The value nearest to but still inside an inner fence.

A set of values of similar meaning obtained in any manner.

The ratio of a measure of the size of a "fit" to the size of a "residual."

Values one step outside the hinges are called inner fences, and values two steps outside the hinges are called outer fences. Tukey calls values outside the outer fences far ...

The difference H_2-H_1, where H_1 and H_2 are hinges. It is the same as the interquartile range for N=5, 9, 13, ... points.