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Given a sequence of values {a_k}_(k=1)^n, the high-water marks are the values at which the running maximum increases. For example, given a sequence (3,5,7,8,8,5,7,9,2,5) with ...

An error which is superimposed on top of a true signal. Noise may be random or systematic. Noise can be greatly reduced by transmitting signals digitally instead of in analog ...

The Church-Rosser theorem states that lambda calculus as a reduction system with lambda conversion rules satisfies the Church-Rosser property.

A system in which words (expressions) of a formal language can be transformed according to a finite set of rewrite rules is called a reduction system. While reduction systems ...

The time required for a given principal to double (assuming n=1 conversion period) for compound interest is given by solving 2P=P(1+r)^t, (1) or t=(ln2)/(ln(1+r)), (2) where ...

A fundamental system of logic based on the concept of a generalized function whose argument is also a function (Schönfinkel 1924). This mathematical discipline was ...

One of the numbers ..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, .... The set of integers forms a ring that is denoted Z. A given integer n may be negative (n in Z^-), nonnegative (n in Z^*), zero ...

A test used to determine the statistical significance of an observation. Two main types of error can occur: 1. A type I error occurs when a false negative result is obtained ...

Given a field F and an extension field K superset= F, an element alpha in K is called algebraic over F if it is a root of some nonzero polynomial with coefficients in F. ...

Given a power spectrum (a plot of power vs. frequency), aliasing is a false translation of power falling in some frequency range (-f_c,f_c) outside the range. Aliasing is ...