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In the IEEE 754-2008 standard (referred to as IEEE 754 henceforth), NaN (or "not a number") is a symbolic floating-point representation which is neither a signed infinity nor ...

The Risch algorithm is a decision procedure for indefinite integration that determines whether a given integral is elementary, and if so, returns a closed-form result for the ...

A round number is a number that is the product of a considerable number of comparatively small factors (Hardy 1999, p. 48). Round numbers are very rare. As Hardy (1999, p. ...

A snake is an Eulerian path in the d-hypercube that has no chords (i.e., any hypercube edge joining snake vertices is a snake edge). Klee (1970) asked for the maximum length ...

The median of a statistical distribution with distribution function D(x) is the value x such D(x)=1/2. For a symmetric distribution, it is therefore equal to the mean. Given ...

Given a regular tetrahedron of unit volume, consider the lengths of line segments connecting pairs of points picked at random inside the tetrahedron. The distribution of ...

A Hadamard matrix is a type of square (-1,1)-matrix invented by Sylvester (1867) under the name of anallagmatic pavement, 26 years before Hadamard (1893) considered them. In ...

A mathematical procedure for finding the best-fitting curve to a given set of points by minimizing the sum of the squares of the offsets ("the residuals") of the points from ...

"Chaos" is a tricky thing to define. In fact, it is much easier to list properties that a system described as "chaotic" has rather than to give a precise definition of chaos. ...

The Fourier transform is a generalization of the complex Fourier series in the limit as L->infty. Replace the discrete A_n with the continuous F(k)dk while letting n/L->k. ...