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A square matrix is said to be totally positive if the determinant of any square submatrix, including the minors, is positive. For instance, any 2×2 matrix whose determinant ...

A Hadamard matrix is a type of square (-1,1)-matrix invented by Sylvester (1867) under the name of anallagmatic pavement, 26 years before Hadamard (1893) considered them. In ...

An n×n matrix whose rows are composed of cyclically shifted versions of a length-n list l. For example, the 4×4 circulant matrix on the list l={1,2,3,4} is given by C=[4 1 2 ...

A matrix is ill-conditioned if the condition number is too large (and singular if it is infinite).

A triangular matrix L of the form L_(ij)={a_(ij) for i>=j; 0 for i<j. (1) Written explicitly, L=[a_(11) 0 ... 0; a_(21) a_(22) ... 0; | | ... 0; a_(n1) a_(n2) ... a_(nn)]. ...

Given a linear code C of length n and dimension k over the field F, a parity check matrix H of C is a n×(n-k) matrix whose rows generate the orthogonal complement of C, i.e., ...

The n×n square matrix F_n with entries given by F_(jk)=e^(2piijk/n)=omega^(jk) (1) for j,k=0, 1, 2, ..., n-1, where i is the imaginary number i=sqrt(-1), and normalized by ...

A block diagonal matrix, also called a diagonal block matrix, is a square diagonal matrix in which the diagonal elements are square matrices of any size (possibly even 1×1), ...

An integer matrix whose entries satisfy a_(ij)={0 if j>i+1; -1 if j=i+1; 0 or 1 if j<=i. (1) There are 2^(n-1) special minimal matrices of size n×n.

The matrix direct sum of n matrices constructs a block diagonal matrix from a set of square matrices, i.e., direct sum _(i=1)^nA_i = diag(A_1,A_2,...,A_n) (1) = [A_1 ; A_2 ; ...