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A pivotal isogonal cubic is a self-isogonal cubic that possesses a pivot point, i.e., in which points P lying on the conic and their isogonal conjugates are collinear with a ...

The triangle bounded by the polars of the vertices of a triangle DeltaABC with respect to a conic is called its polar triangle. The following table summarizes polar triangles ...

A prime factorization algorithm also known as Pollard Monte Carlo factorization method. There are two aspects to the Pollard rho factorization method. The first is the idea ...

A very general theorem that allows the number of discrete combinatorial objects of a given type to be enumerated (counted) as a function of their "order." The most common ...

A polyhedral nonhamiltonian graph is a graph that is simultaneously polyhedral and nonhamiltonian. The smallest possible number of vertices a nonhamiltonian polyhedral graph ...

Dirac (1952) proved that if the minimum vertex degree delta(G)>=n/2 for a graph G on n>=3 nodes, then G contains a Hamiltonian cycle (Bollobás 1978, Komlós et al. 1996). In ...

Presburger arithmetic is the first-order theory of the natural numbers containing addition but no multiplication. It is therefore not as powerful as Peano arithmetic. ...

Let p_n be the nth prime, then the primorial (which is the analog of the usual factorial for prime numbers) is defined by p_n#=product_(k=1)^np_k. (1) The values of p_n# for ...

For some authors (e.g., Bourbaki, 1964), the same as principal ideal domain. Most authors, however, do not require the ring to be an integral domain, and define a principal ...

The probability density function (PDF) P(x) of a continuous distribution is defined as the derivative of the (cumulative) distribution function D(x), D^'(x) = ...