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The 20 Cayley lines generated by a hexagon inscribed in a conic section pass four at a time though 15 points known as Salmon points (Wells 1991). There is a dual relationship ...

Let A be a relational system, and let L be a language which is appropriate for A. Let phi be a well-formed formula of L, and let s be a valuation in A. Then A|=_sphi is ...

The scalar curvature, also called the "curvature scalar" (e.g., Weinberg 1972, p. 135; Misner et al. 1973, p. 222) or "Ricci scalar," is given by R=g^(mukappa)R_(mukappa), ...

The score function u(theta) is the partial derivativeof the log-likelihood function F(theta)=lnL(theta), where L(theta) is the standard likelihood function. Defining the ...

Searching refers to locating a given element or an element satisfying certain conditions from some (usually ordered or partially ordered) table, list, tree, etc.

A root-finding algorithm which assumes a function to be approximately linear in the region of interest. Each improvement is taken as the point where the approximating line ...

The second Fermat point X^' or F_2 (also known as the second isogonic center) can be constructed by drawing equilateral triangles on the inside of a given triangle and ...

A sentence is a logic formula in which every variable is quantified. The concept of a sentence is important because formulas with variables that are not quantified are ...

A class is a generalized set invented to get around Russell's antinomy while retaining the arbitrary criteria for membership which leads to difficulty for sets. The members ...

Significance arithmetic is the arithmetic of approximate numerical quantities that not only keeps track of numerical results, but also uses error propagation to track their ...