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The exponent laws, also called the laws of indices (Higgens 1998) or power rules (Derbyshire 2004, p. 65), are the rules governing the combination of exponents (powers). The ...

The sum over all external (square) nodes of the lengths of the paths from the root of an extended binary tree to each node. For example, in the tree above, the external path ...

Fractran is an algorithm applied to a given list f_1, f_2, ..., f_k of fractions. Given a starting integer N, the FRACTRAN algorithm proceeds by repeatedly multiplying the ...

The fibonomial coefficient (sometimes also called simply the Fibonacci coefficient) is defined by [m; k]_F=(F_mF_(m-1)...F_(m-k+1))/(F_1F_2...F_k), (1) where [m; 0]_F=1 and ...

A tree which is not rooted, i.e., a normal tree with no node singled out for special treatment (Skiena 1990, p. 107). Free trees are sometimes known instead as unrooted trees ...

At rational arguments p/q, the digamma function psi_0(p/q) is given by psi_0(p/q)=-gamma-ln(2q)-1/2picot(p/qpi) +2sum_(k=1)^([q/2]-1)cos((2pipk)/q)ln[sin((pik)/q)] (1) for ...

An O(nlgn) sorting algorithm which is not quite as fast as quicksort. It is a "sort-in-place" algorithm and requires no auxiliary storage, which makes it particularly concise ...

A clause (i.e., a disjunction of literals) is called a Horn clause if it contains at most one positive literal. Horn clauses are usually written as L_1,...,L_n=>L(=¬L_1 v ... ...

A rule for polynomial computation which both reduces the number of necessary multiplications and results in less numerical instability due to potential subtraction of one ...

The sum I over all internal (circular) nodes of the paths from the root of an extended binary tree to each node. For example, in the tree above, the internal path length is ...