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Levy (1963) noted that 13 = 3+(2×5) (1) 19 = 5+(2×7), (2) and from this observation, conjectured that all odd numbers >=7 are the sum of a prime plus twice a prime. This ...

An ordering for the Cartesian product × of any two sets A and B with order relations <A and <B, respectively, such that if (a_1,b_1) and (a_2,b_2) both belong to A×B, then ...

There are several conflicting meanings associated with the notation lgx. In German and Russian literature, the notation lgx is used to mean the common logarithm log_(10)x. ...

A minimal surface that contains lemniscates as geodesics which is given by the parametric equations x = R[sqrt(2)cos(1/3zeta)sqrt(cos(2/3zeta))] (1) y = ...

A Lie group is a group with the structure of a manifold. Therefore, discrete groups do not count. However, the most useful Lie groups are defined as subgroups of some matrix ...

The commutator series of a Lie algebra g, sometimes called the derived series, is the sequence of subalgebras recursively defined by g^(k+1)=[g^k,g^k], (1) with g^0=g. The ...

The lower central series of a Lie algebra g is the sequence of subalgebras recursively defined by g_(k+1)=[g,g_k], (1) with g_0=g. The sequence of subspaces is always ...

A representation of a Lie algebra g is a linear transformation psi:g->M(V), where M(V) is the set of all linear transformations of a vector space V. In particular, if V=R^n, ...

The roots of a semisimple Lie algebra g are the Lie algebra weights occurring in its adjoint representation. The set of roots form the root system, and are completely ...

Consider a collection of diagonal matrices H_1,...,H_k, which span a subspace h. Then the ith eigenvalue, i.e., the ith entry along the diagonal, is a linear functional on h, ...