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A point v is a central point of a graph if the eccentricity of the point equals the graph radius. The set of all central points is called the graph center.

The Hajós number h(G) of a graph G is the maximum k such that G contains a subdivision of the complete graph K_k.

Let graph G have p points v_i and graph H have p points u_i, where p>=3. Then if for each i, the subgraphs G_i=G-v_i and H_i=H-u_i are isomorphic, then the graphs G and H are ...

A generalized quadrangle is a generalized polygon of order 4. An order-(s,t) generalized quadrangle contains s+1 points in each line and has t+1 lines through every point, ...

The metric dimension beta(G) (Tillquist et al. 2021) or dim(G) (Tomescu and Javid 2007, Ali et al. 2016) of a graph G is the smallest number of nodes required to identify all ...

An example of a subspace of the Euclidean plane that is connected but not pathwise-connected with respect to the relative topology. It is formed by the ray y=0, x<=0 and the ...

The term "polyedge" has been variously proposed to refer to a polystick or a simple connected graph on n edges (Muñiz 2011), the latter of which has also been termed an ...

A set of circuits going along the graph edges of a graph, each with an even number of graph edges, such that just one of the circuits passes through each graph vertex (Ball ...

The first Zagreb index for a graph with vertex count n and vertex degrees d_i for i=1, ..., n is defined by Z_1=sum_(i=1)^nd_i^2. The notations Z_1 (e.g., Lin et al. 2023) ...

The contraction of a pair of vertices v_i and v_j of a graph, also called vertex identification, is the operation that produces a graph in which the two nodes v_1 and v_2 are ...