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If one solution (y_1) to a second-order ordinary differential equation y^('')+P(x)y^'+Q(x)y=0 (1) is known, the other (y_2) may be found using the so-called reduction of ...

Let M be a regular surface with v_(p),w_(p) points in the tangent space M_(p) of M. For M in R^3, the second fundamental form is the symmetric bilinear form on the tangent ...

Consider a second-order differential operator L^~u(x)=p_0(d^2u)/(dx^2)+p_1(du)/(dx)+p_2u, (1) where u=u(x) and p_i=p_i(x) are real functions of x on the region of interest ...

Half a circle. The area of a semicircle of radius r is given by A = int_0^rint_(-sqrt(r^2-x^2))^(sqrt(r^2-x^2))dxdy (1) = 2int_0^rsqrt(r^2-x^2)dx (2) = 1/2pir^2. (3) The ...

The semiperimeter on a figure is defined as s=1/2p, (1) where p is the perimeter. The semiperimeter of polygons appears in unexpected ways in the computation of their areas. ...

A series expansion is a representation of a particular function as a sum of powers in one of its variables, or by a sum of powers of another (usually elementary) function ...

The shah function is defined by m(x) = sum_(n=-infty)^(infty)delta(x-n) (1) = sum_(n=-infty)^(infty)delta(x+n), (2) where delta(x) is the delta function, so m(x)=0 for x not ...

Consider the sum (1) where the x_js are nonnegative and the denominators are positive. Shapiro (1954) asked if f_n(x_1,x_2,...,x_n)>=1/2n (2) for all n. It turns out ...

Let X be a set and S a collection of subsets of X. A subset A subset X is shattered by S if each subset B subset A of A can be expressed as the intersection of A with a ...

Measurements of a centered convex body in Euclidean n-space (for n>=3) show that its brightness function (the volume of each projection) is smaller than that of another such ...