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An International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a code used to uniquely identify a book together. It also uniquely encodes the book's publisher and includes information about ...

A symmetric bilinear form on a vector space V is a bilinear function Q:V×V->R (1) which satisfies Q(v,w)=Q(w,v). For example, if A is a n×n symmetric matrix, then ...

The qubit |psi>=a|0>+b|1> can be represented as a point (theta,phi) on a unit sphere called the Bloch sphere. Define the angles theta and phi by letting a=cos(theta/2) and ...

An axiomatic system is said to be categorical if there is only one essentially distinct representation for it. In particular, the names and types of objects within the system ...

A leg of a right triangle (i.e., a side adjacent the right angle) is also known as a cathetus (plural: catheti). While this usage is rather rare in English, the terms ...

For every p, the kernel of partial_p:C_p->C_(p-1) is called the group of cycles, Z_p={c in C_p:partial(c)=0}. (1) The letter Z is short for the German word for cycle, ...

A general class of means introduced by Italian mathematician Oscar Chisini (pronounced keeseenee) in 1929. Given a function of n variables f(x_1,...,x_n), the Chisini mean of ...

A cipher is an algorithm that converts data (plaintext) to an obfuscated form that is not directly readable. Ciphers are usually used with the intention of hiding the ...

A linear operator A:D(A)->H from its domain D(A) into a Hilbert space H is closable if it has a closed extension B:D(B)->H where D(A) subset D(B). Closable operators are ...

The number of ways of picking k unordered outcomes from n possibilities. Also known as the binomial coefficient or choice number and read "n choose k," _nC_k=(n; ...