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A subvariety of an algebraic variety that is not the entire variety. The proper subvarieties of a line are its nonempty finite subsets, the proper subvarieties of a plane are ...

A knot having the property that no surgery could possibly yield a counterexample to the Poincaré conjecture is said to satisfy Property P (Adams 1994, p. 262).

A metric space Z^^ in which the closure of a congruence class B(j,m) is the corresponding congruence class {x in Z^^|x=j (mod m)}.

A subset S subset R^n is said to be pseudo-convex at a point x in S if the associated pseudo-tangent cone P_S(x) to S at x contains S-{x}, i.e., if S-{x} subset P_S(x). Any ...

The pseudo-tangent cone P_S(x) of a subset S subset R^n at a point x in S is the set P_S(x)=convK_S^_, where K_S is the contingent cone of S and where conv(A) is the smallest ...

A pseudoanalytic function is a function defined using generalized Cauchy-Riemann equations. Pseudoanalytic functions come as close as possible to having complex derivatives ...

A function f defined on a subset S subset R^n is said to be pseudoconcave if -f is pseudoconvex.

A map projection in which the parallels are represented by concentric circular arcs and the meridians by concurrent curves.

A surface constructed by placing a family of figure-eight curves into R^3 such that the first and last curves reduce to points. The surface has parametric equations x(u,v) = ...

A projection in which latitude lines are parallel but meridians are curves.