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An analog of the determinant for number triangles defined as a signed sum indexed by set partitions of {1,...,n} into pairs of elements. The Pfaffian is the square root of ...

A 1-form omega=sum_(i=1)^na_i(x)dx_i such that omega=0.

The angular position of a quantity. For example, the phase of a function cos(omegat+phi_0) as a function of time is phi(t)=omegat+phi_0. The complex argument of a complex ...

The motion along a phase curve as a function of time (Tabor 1989, p. 14).

For a function with 2 degrees of freedom, the 2-dimensional phase space that is accessible to the function or object is called its phase plane.

For a system of n first-order ordinary differential equations (or more generally, Pfaffian forms), the 2n-dimensional space consisting of the possible values of ...

The partial differential equation u_(tt)-u_(xx)-u+u^3=0.

An adjoint curve which bears a special relation to the base curve.

Let V be a variety, and write G(V) for the set of divisors, G_l(V) for the set of divisors linearly equivalent to 0, and G_a(V) for the group of divisors algebraically equal ...

A curve composed exclusively of circular arcs.