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An algorithm which finds the least nonnegative value of sqrt(a (mod p)) for given a and prime p.

A translation without rotation or distortion.

The edge of a polygon or face of a polyhedron are sometimes called sides.

To multiply the size of a d-D object by a factor a, c=a^d copies are required, and the quantity d=(lnc)/(lna) is called the similarity dimension.

An algebra with no nontrivial ideals.

The type of homology which results when the spaces being studied are restricted to simplicial complexes and subcomplexes.

The general type of homology which is what mathematicians generally mean when they say "homology." Singular homology is a more general version than Poincaré's original ...

rho_(2s)(n)=(pi^s)/(Gamma(s))n^(s-1)sum_(p,q)((S_(p,q))/q)^(2s)e^(2nppii/q), where S_(p,q) is a Gaussian sum, and Gamma(s) is the gamma function.

A long division in which most or all of the digits are replaced by a symbol (usually asterisks) to form a cryptarithmetic.

A congruence that has a solution.